The abo blood group system consists of 4 types of blood group a, b, ab, and o and is mainly based on the antigens and antibodies on. Identification of the molecular and genetic basis of px2, a. These antigens are known as oligosaccharide antigens, and widely expressed on the membranes of red cell and tissue cells as well as, in the saliva and body fluid. Jan 28, 20 the three antigens of the ok system, ok a ok1, ok2, and ok3, are of very high frequency and located on the immunoglobulin superfamily igsf molecule basigin cd147 and encoded by bsg. Blood group system raph abbreviation raph isbt number 025 the raph blood group system consists of only one antigen. Two common phenotypes in the p blood group system are p1 and p2 globoside antibodies was described. Cl a, dane, dantu, erik, far, hag, he, hil, hop, hut, mars, m c, m e.
System name system symbol gene names chromosomal location cd numbers 021 cromer crom cd55 1q32. Fors blood group system fors is a new blood group system comprising a single ag, namely fors described in table 1. The abo blood group antigens are one of the most important issues in transfusion. Other blood group systems complete flashcards quizlet. P is a receptor for parvovirus b19 and some pfimbriated e. Ok blood group system human blood groups wiley online library. The history, terminology, expression, database accession numbers, and the carrier molecule related. System name system symbol gene names number of antigens chromosomal location cd numbers. Description the p antigen, globoside4 gb4, is a prominent glycosphingolipid on human erythrocytes summary by okajima et al. Individuals who are p k consistantly have an alloantip that is an igm antibody. The third edition of the blood group antigen factsbook has been completely revised, updated and expanded to cover all 33. It is second only to abo in importance in blood transfusion and is well known as a primary cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn hdfn. The p blood group antigen of the glob system is a glycolipid structure, also known as globoside, on the red blood cells rbcs of almost all individuals worldwide.
The abo blood group system consists of 4 types of blood group a, b, ab, and o and is mainly based on the antigens and antibodies on red blood cells and in the plasma. The p antigen gb4 is intimately related to the pk and nor p1pk4 antigens. Proceedings from the international society of blood. Table of blood group systems international society of blood.
As noted above, the specific p blood group globoside was recently found to be the specific cell receptor for b19 parvovirus on erythrocyte precursors, and presumably on other target cells. The abo blood group system consists of four antigens a, b, o and ab. Currently in isbt nomenclature p1 is assigned to the p blood group system 003, symbol p, p to the globoside blood group system 028, symbol glob, and pk and lke are assigned to the globoside collection 209, symbol glob. These antigens are also expressed on the surfaces of cells lining the urinary tract, where they have been identified as adhesion sites for escherichia coli bacteria, which cause urinary tract infections. In actuality, there are three p antigens p, p 1 and p k, but for practical purposes the dominantly inherited p is the critical factor, since p k is. Table 62 gives information on the blood group systems other than the nine major systems. P1pk blood group system antigens include p1, pand pk. This chapter focuses on the globoside blood group system. Lactosylceramide is converted to p k antigen p1pk3 by the galactosyltransferase product of a4galt, but p k is usually converted to p antigen glob1 by the n. Class notes i and p blood group systems i blood group system. O group is the most frequent in abo blood group system followed by a blood group. Molecular basis of the globosidedeficient pk blood group phenotype.
For many of these antibodies, the clinical significancethat is. Antibodies to lowincidence antigens in the rh blood group system. Blood, 2003, 102, p4a the antigen is located on cd151 glycoprotein which is a member of the fourtransmembrane tm4sf, tetraspanins superfamily of proteins show four conserved transmembrane domains. The absence of the p antigen is very rare and is designated as p. The i antigen is found on almost all adults and is part of the precursor component of the oligosaccharide that forms the a, b, and h antigens. They named the causative antigen jr after rose jacobs, one of the five patients the common name junior is in fact a misnomer. As for p1ppkp blood group system, ppkp blood group system has been clarified to be based on globoseries glycosphingolipids, i. The function and disease association of the globoside blood group system is also discussed. B3galt3 synthesizes the p antigen from the pk antigen. During the blood transfusion, the two most important group systems examined are the abosystem and the rhesus system.
Ncbi dbrbc database of allelic variations of genes. Jun 04, 2015 in conclusion, we provide evidence that allelic variations in slc29a1 underlie a new blood group system. Naturally occurring antip is present in the serum of. Knowledge of blood group systems will provide the basis for solving complex antibody problems in a logical and efficient manner. Blood groups introduction classical abo blood grouping system rh blood grouping system clinical applications of blood groups.
The yt antigens, yta and ytb, were discovered in 1956 and 1964, respectively. The yt antigens, yt a and yt b, were discovered in 1956 and 1964, respectively. A glycosphingolipid that has only one sugar as the side chain is called a cerebroside. An update on the glob blood group system and collection. A distinct, but related antigen, p, which belongs to the globoside glob system, is defined by activity of the b3galt3 gene on chromosome 3q25.
The raph blood group system is defined by a single antigen mer2, first recognized by a monoclonal antibody mer2. The p 2 phenotype merely signifies absence of p 1 antigen in people with p antigen globoside. Description the p antigen, globoside 4 gb4, is a prominent glycosphingolipid on human erythrocytes summary by okajima et al. The globoside glob system is currently considered a part of the p1pk system in bgmut, which additionally considers the system of t and tn antigens as a separate blood group system. Theaand b antigens are the product of the abo gene and are autosomal codominant. Mns p familial blood group system found in few families kell. Antibodies in this system are occasionally found in reference laboratories. Journal of blood group serology and molecular genetics. The sugars are usually a combination of n acetylgalactosamine, d glucose or d galactose. Summary antigens of the p1pk, globoside, and fors systems are oligosaccharides on glycolipids, related to each other through a common.
Ok blood group system human blood groups wiley online. The p 1 antigen of the p1pk system and the p and p k antigens of the globoside p collection are related but nonallelic. The junior blood group system was discovered in 1970 by researchers stroup and macillroy, who reported on five patients whose blood was incompatible with all samples tested except each others. It has the unique distinction in that more is know about this antigen and system using monoclonal antibodies than could be deduced through the use of human source antibody. The history, terminology, expression, database accession numbers, and the carrier molecule related to the globoside blood group system are. The abo histo blood group consists of two antigens a and b antigensandfourbloodtypestypesa,b,ab,ando. Basigin is a receptor for plasmodium falciparum invasion. P1pk, globoside, and fors blood group systems, plus some other related blood groups. Functions of blood groups the structures of the different blood group systems and their. Chapter 8 blood group terminology and the other blood.
The blood group antigen factsbook winner of a 20 highly commended bma medical book award for internal medicine has been an essential resource in the hematology, transfusion and immunogenetics fields since its first publication in the late 1990s. Each antigen belonging to a blood group system is identi fied by a sixdigit. P1pk, globoside, and fors blood group systems, plus some. Ok blood group system antioka ii blood group collection. Every blood group system has gene or genes differ than the other systems. Unlimited viewing of the articlechapter pdf and any associated supplements and figures. Antibodies have been found that define lowincidence antigens in the mns blood group system named. Yt blood group system, also called cartwright blood group system, classification of human blood based on the presence of molecules known as yt antigens on the surface of red blood cells. Antibodies to many of the antigens in these groups are rarely encountered because of the high prevalence of the associated antigens in most populations. Antigens of the p1pk, globoside, and fors systems are oligosaccharides on glycolipids, related to each other through a common precursor, lactosylceramide. A glycosphingolipid that has only one sugar as the side chain is called a cerebroside the side chain can be cleaved by galactosidases and glucosidases.
Class notes i and p blood group systems i blood group system ii antigens. The rh blood group system connie westhoff t he rh blood group system is one of the most polymorphic and antigenic blood group systems. There are five phenotypes in the p blood group system. People with the rare jra negative blood type can develop antijra antibodies, which may cause transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn on subsequent. Table of blood group systems international society of. Manual assignment of glycosphingolipid sequences was done with the assistance of the. A globoside is a type of glycosphingolipid with more than one sugar as the side chain or r group of ceramide. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. P 1, p 2, p 1k, p 2k, and p, formerly designated tj a. Note that h antigen is in a separate system, h blood group system 018, and is not part of the abo system. The most commonly occurring of these is the p 1 phenotype, which displays all three p antigens.
Determine which antibodies are safe for blood transfusion identify causes of autoimmune hemolytic anemia identify causes of hdfn. However, the biochemistry and molecular genetics behind the carbohydrate based p1 antigen in the p blood group system numerical. Collections a blood group system consists of one or more antigens, controlled by a single gene kell or by two rh or three mns very closely linked homologous genes. Yt blood group system, classification of human blood based on the presence of molecules known as yt antigens on the surface of red blood cells. The term human blood group systems is defined by international society of blood transfusion as systems in the human species where cellsurface antigensin particular, those on blood cellsare controlled at a single gene locus or by two or more very closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between them, and include the common abo and rh rhesus antigen. Globoside was assigned as the p antigen in the human blood group p system see section 10. The yt blood group is named after cartwright, the person in whom antibodies to the yt antigens were first discovered. The three antigens of the ok system, ok a ok1, ok2, and ok3, are of very high frequency and located on the immunoglobulin superfamily igsf molecule basigin cd147 and encoded by bsg. The p 2 phenotype consists of the p and p k antigens and is the second most common phenotype in the p system, whereas the phenotypes p. Globoside blood group system the p blood group antigen of the globoside system is a glycolipid structure, also known as globoside, on the rbcs of almost all individuals worldwide. System name system symbol gene names chromosomal location cd numbers 001 abo abo abo 9q34. The number of antigens per blood group system, collection, and series varies tremendously from 1 in the p system to more than 30 in the rh and mns systems. Start studying p1pk and globoside blood group systems.
Lack of the nucleoside transporter ent1 results in the. The junior blood group system or jr is a human blood group defined by the presence or absence of the jra antigen, a highfrequency antigen that is found on the red blood cells of most individuals. P blood group the p system originally also contained p, p k and lke antigens. The first paper referring to the at a blood group antigen, which can be responsible for severe hemolytic transfusion reactions 1 and mild hemolytic disease of the newborn, 2 dates back to the 1960s. The yt blood group is named after cartwright, the person in whom antibodies. It is currently the only antigen in the glob blood group system isbt 028 10.
The sugars are usually a combination of nacetylgalactosamine, dglucose or dgalactose. Applewhaite et al 3 identified an antibody with a novel specificity in the serum of mrs augustine, when the red cells of her third child gave a positive direct antiglobulin. What are blood group systems currently there are 345 blood group antigens. Initially, the p blood group system also included 2 other gsls.
Chapter 8 blood group terminology and the other blood groups. P blood group system, classification of human blood based on the presence of any of three substances known as the p, p 1, and p k antigens on the surfaces of red blood cells. Two common phenotypes in the p blood group system are p1 and p2 blood group systems. The third edition of the blood group antigen factsbook has been completely revised, updated and expanded to cover all 33 blood group systems. The side chain can be cleaved by galactosidases and. All antigens are derived from the precursor, lactosyl ceramide dihexoside. The antigen is expressed on erythrocytes of about 92% of caucasians but the level of expression of mer2 varies among individuals. The group o phenotype is an autosomalrecessive phenotype due to the homozygous inheritance of two null abo alleles. The john milton hagen antigen system jmh is a highfrequency human erythrocyte blood group antigen. The term human blood group systems is defined by international society of blood transfusion as systems in the human species where cellsurface antigensin particular, those on blood cellsare controlled at a single gene locus or by two or more very closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between them, and include the common abo. Regan, in dacie and lewis practical haematology twelfth edition, 2017. Antibodies to lowincidence antigens in the mns blood group system clinical. Raph blood group system national center for biotechnology.
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